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Historical Milestones, Periods and Consequences – Until 1918

Upheavals of 1848‒1849 in the Czech Lands

The revolutionary years of 1848 and 1849 represent a significant turning point in the political, economic and social development of the Czech Lands, the Habsburg Monarchy and the whole of Europe. The aim was to overthrow conservative regimens established after the Congress of Vienna and achieve liberal democratic reforms. In Central Europe, however, the revolutionary efforts were suppressed by the army, which resulted in the permanent abolition of servitude in 1848. There were no political reforms in the Habsburg Monarchy until the restoration of constitutionality in the 1860s.

Prague, the 1848 revolution, Charles Bridge. Wikimedia Commons. Accessible here.

Barricades in Prague during the 1848 revolution. Wikimedia Commons. Accessible here.

References

Klíma, A.: Češi a Němci v revoluci 1848–1849. Praha 1994;
Semotanová, E. ‒ Cajthaml, J. a kol.: Akademický atlas českých dějin. Praha 2014, 2. akt. vydání 2016;
Štaif, J.: Obezřetná elita: česká společnost mezi tradicí a revolucí 1830–1851.  Praha 2005.


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Disintegration of Austria-Hungary and successor states in 1918

At the turn of October and November 1918, Austria-Hungary disintegrated into several states referred to as the 'successor' states: Czechoslovakia (the Czechoslovak Republic), Poland, Hungary, Romania, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (since 1929 Yugoslavia) and Austria (briefly as German Austria, Deutsch Österreich, which was to be merged with Germany; however, this intention, including the name, was not allowed by the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye).This situation was accompanied by great border and territorial modifications dealt with by the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 ‒ 1920.

Map of the successor states establishment from 1919. Map Collection of the Institute of History, CAS. Display map

References

Dejmek, J. a kol.: Zrod nové Evropy: Versailles, St.-Germain, Trianon a dotváření poválečného mírového systému. Praha 2011;
Dejmek, J. a kol.: Československo. Dějiny státu. Praha 2018;
Semotanová, E. Zudová-Lešková, Z. ‒ Močičková, J. Cajthaml, J. ‒ Seemann, P. ‒ Bláha J. D. a kol.: Český historický atlas. Kapitoly z dějin 20. století. Praha 2019.


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